Contents
Preface ....................................................................................................................ix
Chapter 1: The Op Amp ............................................................................................ 1
Section 1-1: Op Amp Operation .....................................................................................3
Section 1-2: Op Amp Specifi cations .............................................................................. 25
Section 1-3: How to Read a Data Sheet ........................................................................ 69
Section 1-4: Choosing an Op Amp ............................................................................... 81
Chapter 2: Other Linear Circuits .............................................................................. 83
Section 2-1: Buffer Amplifi ers ....................................................................................... 85
Section 2-2: Gain Blocks .............................................................................................. 89
Section 2-3: Instrumentation Amplifi ers ........................................................................ 91
Section 2-4: Differential Amplifi ers ............................................................................. 107
Section 2-5: Isolation Amplifi ers ................................................................................. 109
Section 2-6: Digital Isolation Techniques .................................................................... 113
Section 2-7: Active Feedback Amplifi ers ...................................................................... 123
Section 2-8: Logarithmic Amplifi ers ............................................................................ 125
Section 2-9: High Speed Clamping Amplifi ers ............................................................. 131
Section 2-10: Comparators ........................................................................................ 137
Section 2-11: Analog Multipliers ................................................................................ 147
Section 2-12: RMS to DC Converters .......................................................................... 153
Section 2-13: Programmable Gain Amplifi ers .............................................................. 157
Section 2-14: Audio Amplifi ers ................................................................................... 165
Section 2-15: Auto-Zero Amplifi ers ............................................................................. 185
Chapter 3: Sensors ...............................................................................................193
Section 3-1: Positional Sensors ................................................................................... 195
Section 3-2: Temperature Sensors ............................................................................... 215
Section 3-3: Charge Coupled Devices .......................................................................... 241
Chapter 4: RF/IF Circuits ...................................................................................... 245
Section 4-1: Mixers .................................................................................................... 248
Section 4-2: Modulators ............................................................................................ 255
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Contents
Section 4-3: Analog Multipliers .................................................................................. 257
Section 4-4: Logarithmic Amplifi ers ............................................................................ 265
Section 4-5: Tru-Power Detectors ............................................................................... 271
Section 4-6: VGAs ...................................................................................................... 275
Section 4-7: Direct Digital Synthesis ............................................................................ 281
Section 4-8: PLLs .......................................................................................................289
Chapter 5: Fundamentals of Sampled Data Systems ................................................. 307
Section 5-1: Coding and Quantizing ........................................................................... 309
Section 5-2: Sampling Theory ..................................................................................... 327
Chapter 6: Converters ........................................................................................... 337
Section 6-1: DAC Architectures .................................................................................. 340
Section 6-2: ADC Architectures .................................................................................. 371
Section 6-3: Sigma–Delta Converters .......................................................................... 407
Section 6-4: Defi ning the Specifi cations ...................................................................... 431
Section 6-5: DAC and ADC Static Transfer Functions and DC Errors ............................ 433
Section 6-6: Data Converter AC Errors ........................................................................ 443
Section 6-7: Timing Specifi cations .............................................................................. 483
Section 6-8: How to Read a Data Sheet ...................................................................... 487
Section 6-9: Choosing a Data Converter ..................................................................... 509
Chapter 7: Data Converter Support Circuits ............................................................ 513
Section 7-1: Voltage References .................................................................................. 515
Section 7-2: Analog Switches and Multiplexers ............................................................ 531
Section 7-3: Sample-and-Hold Circuits ....................................................................... 555
Section 7-4: Clock Generation and Distribution Circuits .............................................. 565
Chapter 8: Analog Filters ...................................................................................... 581
Section 8-1: Introduction ........................................................................................... 583
Section 8-2: The Transfer Function ............................................................................. 587
Section 8-3: Time Domain Response .......................................................................... 597
Section 8-4: Standard Responses ................................................................................ 599
Section 8-5: Frequency Transformations ..................................................................... 623
Section 8-6: Filter Realizations .................................................................................... 629
Section 8-7: Practical Problems in Filter Implementation ............................................. 653
Section 8-8: Design Examples ..................................................................................... 663
Chapter 9: Power Management .............................................................................. 681
Section 9-1: Linear Voltage Regulators ........................................................................ 684
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Contents
Section 9-2: Switch Mode Regulators ......................................................................... 701
Section 9-3: Switched Capacitor Voltage Converters .................................................... 741
Chapter 10: Passive Components ........................................................................... 753
Section 10-1: Capacitors ............................................................................................ 755
Section 10-2: Resistors and Potentiometers ................................................................ 767
Section 10-3: Inductors .............................................................................................. 775
Chapter 11: Overvoltage Effects on Analog Integrated Circuits .................................. 779
Section 11-1: Overvoltage Effects ............................................................................... 781
Section 11-2: Electrostatic Discharge .......................................................................... 789
Section 11-3: EMI/RFI Considerations ........................................................................ 799
Chapter 12: Printed Circuit-Board Design Issues ...................................................... 821
Section 12-1: Partitioning .......................................................................................... 824
Section 12-2: Traces .................................................................................................. 827
Section 12-3: Grounding ............................................................................................ 863
Section 12-4: Decoupling ........................................................................................... 881
Section 12-5: Thermal Management ...........................................................................885
Index ................................................................................................................... 897