Antenna Theory and Microstrip Antennas Fang, D. G. CRC Press Inc (2010-03出版):
图书描述
出版日期: 2010年3月1日
Antenna Theory and Microstrip Antennas offers a uniquely balanced analysis of antenna fundamentals and microstrip antennas. Concise and readable, it provides theoretical background, application materials, and details of recent progress. Exploring several effective design approaches, this book covers a wide scope, making it an ideal hands-on resource for professionals seeking a refresher in the fundamentals. It also provides the basic grounding in antenna essentials that is required for those new to the field. The book's primary focus is on introducing practical techniques that will enable users to make optimal use of powerful commercial software packages and computational electromagnetics used in full wave analysis and antenna design. Going beyond particular numerical computations to teach broader concepts, the author systematically presents the all-important spectral domain approach to analyzing microstrip structures including antennas. In addition to a discussion of near-field measurement and the high-frequency method, this book also covers: Elementary linear sources, including Huygen's planar element, and analysis and synthesis of the discrete and continuous arrays formed by these elementary sources The digital beam-forming antenna and smart antenna Cavity mode theory and related issues, including the design of irregularly shaped patches and the analysis of mutual coupling Based on much of the author's own internationally published research, and honed by his years of teaching experience, this text is designed to bring students, engineers, and technicians up to speed as efficiently as possible. This text purposefully emphasizes principles and includes carefully selected sample problems to ease the process of understanding the often intimidating area of antenna technology. Paying close attention to this text, you will be able to confidently emulate the author's own systematic approach to make the most of commercial software and find the creative solutions that every job seems to require.
基本信息- 出版社: CRC Press Inc (2010年3月1日)
- 精装: 311页
- 语种： 英语
- ISBN: 1439807272
- 条形码: 9781439807279
- 商品尺寸: 17.8 x 2.3 x 25.4 cm
- 商品重量: 762 g
- ASIN: 1439807272
作者简介
Professor Da-Gang Fang graduated from the graduate school of Beijing Institute of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China, in 1966. From 1980 to 1982, he was a visiting scholar at Laval University (Quebec, Canada), and the University of Waterloo (Ontario, Canada). Since 1986, he has been a Professor at the Nanjing University of Science and Technology (NUST), Nanjing, China. Since 1987, he has been a visiting professor at six universities in Canada and in Hong Kong. He has authored and co-authored two books, two book chapters and more than 360 papers. He is also the owner of three patents. His research interests include computational electromagnetics, microwave integrated circuits and antennas and EM scattering. Prof. Fang is a Fellow of IEEE and CIE (Chinese Institute of Electronics), an associate editor of two Chinese journals and is on the Editorial or Review Board of several international and Chinese journals. He was TPC chair of ICMC 1992, vice general chair of PIERS 2004, the member of International Advisory Committee of six international conferences, TPC co-chair of APMC 2005 and general co-chair of ICMMT 2008. He was also the recipient of National Outstanding Teacher Award and People's Teacher Medal, and the Provincial Outstanding Teacher Award. His name was listed in Marquis Who is Who in the World (1995) and in International Biographical Association Directory (1995).
目录
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix
About the Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Radiation Mechanism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
1.3 Two Kinds of Linear Elementary Sources and Huygens’ Planar Element . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3.1 Radiation Fields Generated by an Infinitesimal Electric Dipole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3.2 Radiation Fields Generated by an Infinitesimal Magnetic Dipole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.3.3 Radiation Fields Generated by Huygens’ Planar Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.4 Fundamental Parameters of Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
1.4.1 Radiation Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.4.2 Directivity and Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
1.4.3 Polarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
1.4.4 Characteristics and Parameters of an Antenna in Receiving Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.4.5 Radar Equation and Friis Transmission Formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Chapter 2 Arrays and Array Synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
2.2 N-Element Linear Array: Uniform Amplitude and Spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.3 Phased (Scanning) Array, Grating Lobe and Sub-Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.4 N-Element Linear Array: Uniform Spacing, Nonuniform Amplitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.4.1 Schelkunoff’s Unit Circle Representation (SUCR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.4.2 Dolph-Tschebyscheff (DT) Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
2.4.3 Taylor Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.4.4 Woodward-Lawson (WL) Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
2.4.5 Supergain Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2.5 N-Element Linear Array: Uniform Amplitude, Nonuniform Spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.5.1 Density Taper-Deterministic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
2.5.2 Density Taper-Statistical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
2.6 Signal Processing Antenna Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
2.6.1 Multi-Beam Antenna Array (Analog Beamforming) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
2.6.2 Angular Super-Resolution for Phased Antenna Array through Phase Weighting . . 61
2.6.3 Angular Super-Resolution for Conventional Antenna through Angle Weighting. . .63
2.6.4 Adaptive Beamforming Antenna Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
2.7 Planar Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
2.7.1 Array Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
2.7.2 Taylor Patterns of Circular Aperture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
2.8 Array Synthesis through Genetic Algorithm (GA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
2.8.1 Introduction to Genetic Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
2.8.2 Optimized Design of Planar Array by Using the Combination of GA and Fast
Fourier Transform (FFT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80
vi Contents
Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Chapter 3 Microstrip Patch Antennas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
3.2 Cavity Model and Transmission Line Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
3.2.1 Field Distribution from Cavity Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
3.2.2 Radiation Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
3.2.3 Radiation Conductance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
3.2.4 Input Impedance from Cavity Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
3.2.5 Input Impedance from Transmission Line Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
3.2.6 Bandwidth of Input Impedance, Efficiency and Directivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
3.2.7 Multiport Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
3.3 Improvement and Extension of the Cavity Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
3.3.1 Correction of Edge Effect by DC Fringing Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
3.3.2 Irregularly Shaped Patch as Perturbation of Regularly Shaped Patch . . . . . . . . . . 101
3.4 Design Procedure of a Single Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . 102
3.4.1 Choice of the Microstrip Substrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103
3.4.2 Coarse Determination of the Dimensions for Initial Patch Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
3.4.3 Feeding Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
3.4.4 Matching Between the Patch and the Feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
3.4.5 Design Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
3.5 Example of LTCC Microstrip Patch Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109
Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Chapter 4 Spectral Domain Approach and Its Application to Microstrip
Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
4.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
4.2 Basic Concept of Spectral Domain Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
4.3 Some Useful Transform Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
4.4 Scalarization of Maxwell’s Equations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116
4.5 Dyadic Green’s Function (DGF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
4.6 Mixed Potential Representations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122
4.7 Transmission-Line Green’s Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
4.7.1 Parallel Current Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
4.7.2 Series Voltage Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
4.7.3 Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130
4.8 Introduction to Complex Integration Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
4.8.1 Branch Points and Branch Cuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
4.8.2 Poles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
4.8.3 Integration Paths . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140
4.9 Full Wave Discrete Image and Full Wave Analysis of Microstrip Antennas. . . . . .144
4.9.1 Extraction of Quasi-Static Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
4.9.2 Extraction of Surface Waves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146
4.9.3 Approximation for the Remaining Integrands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
4.9.4 Application of Full Wave Discrete Image Method in Microstrip Structures. . . . . .153
4.10 Asymptotic Integration Techniques and Their Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
4.10.1 The Saddle Point Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154
4.10.2 The Steepest Descent Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
4.10.3 The Stationary Phase Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156
4.10.4 Extensions of the Above Asymptotic Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Contents vii
4.10.5 Radiation Patterns of Microstrip Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161
Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Chapter 5 Effective Methods in Using Commercial Software for Antenna
Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
5.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167
5.2 The Space Mapping (SM) Technique. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167
5.2.1 Original Space Mapping Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
5.2.2 Aggressive Space Mapping Algorithm (ASM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
5.2.3 Using the Closed Form Created by the Full Wave Solver as a Coarse Model in
ASM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
5.2.4 Using the Closed Form Created by the Cavity Model as a Coarse Model
in ASM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174
5.3 Extrapolation and Interpolation Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
5.3.1 One-Dimensional Asymptotic Waveform Evaluation (AWE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
5.3.2 Two-Dimensional Asymptotic Waveform Evaluation (AWE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179
5.4 Using the Model from Physical Insight to Create a Formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181
5.4.1 Mutual Impedance Formula Between Two Antenna Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
5.4.2 Relationship Between Bailey’s Formula and That in Formula (5.4.4) . . . . . . . . . . . 185
5.4.3 Numerical Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
5.5 Using Models from the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to Train Formula . . . . . 190
5.5.1 Concept of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
5.5.2 Hybrid of AWE and ANN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195
5.5.3 Hybrid of SM and ANN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199
5.5.4 Hybrid of SM/ANN and Adaptive Frequency Sampling (AFS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
5.6 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204
Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Chapter 6 Design of Conventional and DBF Microstrip Antenna Arrays . . 207
6.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207
6.2 Feeding Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
6.2.1 Series Feed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208
6.2.2 Parallel Feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209
6.2.3 Hybrid Series/Parallel Feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
6.2.4 Single-Layer or Multilayer Design and Other Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210
6.3 Design of Power Divider and Transmission on the Transformer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
6.4 Design Examples of Microstrip Antenna Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
6.4.1 Design of a 16GHz Compact Microstrip Antenna Array. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215
6.4.2 Design of a Low Side Lobe Level Microstrip Antenna Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219
6.4.3 Design of a Compact Single Layer Monopulse Microstrip Antenna Array With
Low Side Lobe Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
6.4.4 Design of an Integrated LTCC mm-Wave Planar Antenna Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
6.5 Mutual Coupling in Finite Microstrip Antenna Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
6.5.1 Mutual Coupling Effects and Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233
6.5.2 Mutual Coupling in a Linear Dipole Array of Finite Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234
6.5.3 Mutual Coupling in Finite Microstrip Patch Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
6.6 Introduction to a Digital Beamforming Receiving Microstrip Antenna Array . . . 244
6.6.1 Description of the Antenna Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244
6.6.2 Mutual Coupling Reduction of the Microstrip Antenna Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
viii Contents
6.6.3 Adaptive Nulling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248
Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Chapter 7 High Frequency Methods and Their Applications to
Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
7.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253
7.2 Geometrical Optics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
7.3 Physical Optics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257
7.4 Diffraction by a Conducting Half Plane With Normal Incidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
7.5 Diffraction by a Conducting Half Plane With Arbitrary Incidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
7.6 Applications of Geometrical Theory of Diffraction in Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270
7.6.1 Radiation from a Slit Aperture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
7.6.2 Edge Diffracted Fields from the Finite Ground Plane of a Microstrip
Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
7.7 Fresnel Diffraction in Three Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275
Problems . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Chapter 8 Planar Near-Field Measurement and Array Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . 279
8.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279
8.2 Fundamental Transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
8.3 Probe Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
8.4 Integral Equation Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
8.5 Array Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
8.5.1 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
8.5.2 Diagnostics Example of Microstrip Antenna Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295
Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
ص
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Antenna_Theory_and_Microstrip_Antennas_-_D._Fang_(CRC,_2010)_WW.pdf
