ENGINEERING CIRCUIT ANALYSIS, EIGHTH EDITION
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ISBN 978-0-07-352957-8
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The following photos are courtesy of Steve Durbin: Page 5, Fig. 2.22a, 2.24a–c, 5.34, 6.1a, 7.2a–c, 7.11a–b, 13.15, 17.29
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Hayt, William Hart, 1920–1999
Engineering circuit analysis / William H. Hayt, Jr., Jack E. Kemmerly, Steven M. Durbin. — 8th ed.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-0-07-352957-8
1. Electric circuit analysis. 2. Electric network analysis. I. Kemmerly, Jack E. (Jack Ellsworth), 1924–1998
II. Durbin, Steven M. III. Title.
TK454.H4 2012
621.319'2—dc22 2011009912
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Overview of Text 2
1.2 Relationship of Circuit Analysis to Engineering 4
1.3 Analysis and Design 5
1.4 Computer-Aided Analysis 6
1.5 Successful Problem-Solving Strategies 7
READING FURTHER 8
CHAPTER 2
BASIC COMPONENTS AND ELECTRIC CIRCUITS 9
2.1 Units and Scales 9
2.2 Charge, Current, Voltage, and Power 11
2.3 Voltage and Current Sources 17
2.4 Ohm’s Law 22
SUMMARYAND REVIEW 28
READING FURTHER 29
EXERCISES 29
CHAPTER 3
VOLTAGE AND CURRENT LAWS 39
3.1 Nodes, Paths, Loops, and Branches 39
3.2 Kirchhoff’s Current Law 40
3.3 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law 42
3.4 The Single-Loop Circuit 46
3.5 The Single-Node-Pair Circuit 49
3.6 Series and Parallel Connected Sources 51
3.7 Resistors in Series and Parallel 55
3.8 Voltage and Current Division 61
SUMMARYAND REVIEW 66
READING FURTHER 67
EXERCISES 67
CHAPTER 4
BASIC NODAL AND MESH ANALYSIS 79
4.1 Nodal Analysis 80
4.2 The Supernode 89
4.3 Mesh Analysis 92
4.4 The Supermesh 98
4.5 Nodal vs. Mesh Analysis: A Comparison 101
4.6 Computer-Aided Circuit Analysis 103
SUMMARYAND REVIEW 107
READING FURTHER 109
EXERCISES 109
CHAPTER 5
HANDY CIRCUIT ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES 123
5.1 Linearity and Superposition 123
5.2 Source Transformations 133
5.3 Thévenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits 141
5.4 Maximum Power Transfer 152
5.5 Delta-Wye Conversion 154
5.6 Selecting an Approach: A Summary of Various
Techniques 157
SUMMARYAND REVIEW 158
READING FURTHER 159
EXERCISES 159
CHAPTER 6
THE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER 175
6.1 Background 175
6.2 The Ideal Op Amp: A Cordial Introduction 176
6.3 Cascaded Stages 184
6.4 Circuits for Voltage and Current Sources 188
6.5 Practical Considerations 192
6.6 Comparators and the Instrumentation Amplifier 203
SUMMARYAND REVIEW 206
READING FURTHER 207
EXERCISES 208
CHAPTER 7
CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORS 217
7.1 The Capacitor 217
7.2 The Inductor 225
7.3 Inductance and Capacitance Combinations 235
7.4 Consequences of Linearity 238
7.5 Simple Op Amp Circuits with Capacitors 240
7.6 Duality 242
xii CONTENTS
7.7 Modeling Capacitors and Inductors
with PSpice 245
SUMMARYAND REVIEW 247
READING FURTHER 249
EXERCISES 249
CHAPTER 8
BASIC RL AND RC CIRCUITS 261
8.1 The Source-Free RL Circuit 261
8.2 Properties of the Exponential Response 268
8.3 The Source-Free RC Circuit 272
8.4 A More General Perspective 275
8.5 The Unit-Step Function 282
8.6 Driven RL Circuits 286
8.7 Natural and Forced Response 289
8.8 Driven RC Circuits 295
8.9 Predicting the Response of Sequentially Switched
Circuits 300
SUMMARYAND REVIEW 306
READING FURTHER 308
EXERCISES 309
CHAPTER 9
THE RLC CIRCUIT 321
9.1 The Source-Free Parallel Circuit 321
9.2 The Overdamped Parallel RLC Circuit 326
9.3 Critical Damping 334
9.4 The Underdamped Parallel RLC Circuit 338
9.5 The Source-Free Series RLC Circuit 345
9.6 The Complete Response of the RLC Circuit 351
9.7 The Lossless LC Circuit 359
SUMMARYAND REVIEW 361
READING FURTHER 363
EXERCISES 363
CHAPTER 10
SINUSOIDAL STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS 371
10.1 Characteristics of Sinusoids 371
10.2 Forced Response to Sinusoidal Functions 374
10.3 The Complex Forcing Function 378
10.4 The Phasor 383
10.5 Impedance and Admittance 389
10.6 Nodal and Mesh Analysis 394
10.7 Superposition, Source Transformations and
Thévenin’s Theorem 397
10.8 Phasor Diagrams 406
SUMMARYAND REVIEW 409
READING FURTHER 410
EXERCISES 410
CHAPTER 11
AC CIRCUIT POWER ANALYSIS 421
11.1 Instantaneous Power 422
11.2 Average Power 424
11.3 Effective Values of Current and Voltage 433
11.4 Apparent Power and Power Factor 438
11.5 Complex Power 441
SUMMARYAND REVIEW 447
READING FURTHER 449
EXERCISES 449
CHAPTER 12
POLYPHASE CIRCUITS 457
12.1 Polyphase Systems 458
12.2 Single-Phase Three-Wire Systems 460
12.3 Three-Phase Y-Y Connection 464
12.4 The Delta () Connection 470
12.5 Power Measurement in Three-Phase Systems 476
SUMMARYAND REVIEW 484
READING FURTHER 486
EXERCISES 486
CHAPTER 13
MAGNETICALLY COUPLED CIRCUITS 493
13.1 Mutual Inductance 493
13.2 Energy Considerations 501
13.3 The Linear Transformer 505
13.4 The Ideal Transformer 512
SUMMARYAND REVIEW 522
READING FURTHER 523
EXERCISES 523
CHAPTER 14
COMPLEX FREQUENCY AND THE LAPLACE
TRANSFORM 533
14.1 Complex Frequency 533
14.2 The Damped Sinusoidal Forcing Function 537
14.3 Definition of the Laplace Transform 540
14.4 Laplace Transforms of Simple Time Functions 543
14.5 Inverse Transform Techniques 546
14.6 Basic Theorems for the Laplace Transform 553
CONTENTS xiii
14.7 The Initial-Value and Final-Value Theorems 561
SUMMARYAND REVIEW 564
READING FURTHER 565
EXERCISES 565
CHAPTER 15
CIRCUIT ANALYSIS IN THE s-DOMAIN 571
15.1 Z(s) and Y(s) 571
15.2 Nodal and Mesh Analysis in the s-Domain 578
15.3 Additional Circuit Analysis Techniques 585
15.4 Poles, Zeros, and Transfer Functions 588
15.5 Convolution 589
15.6 The Complex-Frequency Plane 598
15.7 Natural Response and the s Plane 602
15.8 ATechnique for Synthesizing the Voltage Ratio
H(s) = Vout/Vin 606
SUMMARYAND REVIEW 610
READING FURTHER 612
EXERCISES 612
CHAPTER 16
FREQUENCY RESPONSE 619
16.1 Parallel Resonance 619
16.2 Bandwidth and High-Q Circuits 627
16.3 Series Resonance 633
16.4 Other Resonant Forms 637
16.5 Scaling 644
16.6 Bode Diagrams 648
16.7 Basic Filter Design 664
16.8 Advanced Filter Design 672
SUMMARYAND REVIEW 677
READING FURTHER 679
EXERCISES 679
CHAPTER 17
TWO-PORT NETWORKS 687
17.1 One-Port Networks 687
17.2 Admittance Parameters 692
17.3 Some Equivalent Networks 699
17.4 Impedance Parameters 708
17.5 Hybrid Parameters 713
17.6 Transmission Parameters 716
SUMMARYAND REVIEW 720
READING FURTHER 721
EXERCISES 722
CHAPTER 18
FOURIER CIRCUIT ANALYSIS 733
18.1 Trigonometric Form of the Fourier Series 733
18.2 The Use of Symmetry 743
18.3 Complete Response to Periodic Forcing
Functions 748
18.4 Complex Form of the Fourier Series 750
18.5 Definition of the Fourier Transform 757
18.6 Some Properties of the Fourier Transform 761
18.7 Fourier Transform Pairs for Some Simple Time
Functions 764
18.8 The Fourier Transform of a General Periodic Time
Function 769
18.9 The System Function and Response in the Frequency
Domain 770
18.10 The Physical Significance of the System
Function 777
SUMMARYAND REVIEW 782
READING FURTHER 783
EXERCISES 783
APPENDIX 1 AN INTRODUCTION TO NETWORK
TOPOLOGY 791
APPENDIX 2 SOLUTION OF SIMULTANEOUS
EQUATIONS 803
APPENDIX 3 A PROOF OF THéVENIN’S
THEOREM 811
APPENDIX 4 A PSPICE® TUTORIAL 813
APPENDIX 5 COMPLEX NUMBERS 817
APPENDIX 6 A BRIEF MATLAB® TUTORIAL 827
APPENDIX 7 ADDITIONAL LAPLACE TRANSFORM
THEOREMS 833
INDEX 839