ELECTROMAGNETIC MODELING BY FINITE ELEMENT METHODS: Electromagnetic Modeling by Finite Element Methods.part4.rar

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Preface
This work is related to Electromagnetic (EM) Analysis based on
Maxwell's equations and the application of the Finite Element Method
(FEM) to EM low-frequency devices. New students in this area will find a
didactical approach for a first contact with the FEM including some codes
and many examples. For researchers and teachers having experience in the
area, this book presents advanced topics related to their works as well as
useful text for classes.
Our text focuses on three complementary issues. The first is related to
a didactical approach of EM equations and the application of the FEM to
electromagnetic classical cases. The second one is the coupling of EM
equations with other phenomena that exist in electromagnetic structures,
such as external (electrical and electronic) circuits, movement and
mechanical equations, vibration analysis, heating, eddy currents, and nonlinearity.
The final issue is the analysis of electrical and magnetic losses,
including hysteresis, eddy currents and anomalous losses.
This book is intended primarily for graduate students but what must
be pointed out is that more and more undergraduate students have been
introduced to this area and this is the reason why efforts have been made to
use a very didactical approach to the subjects presented in the book.
Coupling and losses, advanced topics of the book, have been the
objects of a great deal of scientific research in the last two decades and
many related technical papers have been published in periodicals and at
conferences. In spite of being active research topics, the content we have
chosen is based on well-proven techniques. These may be applied without
general restrictions.
The book consists of the following chapters:
• Chapter 1: A brief chapter on "mathematical preliminaries" is
presented with the goal of recalling some useful algebra for the following
chapters and establishing notations and language that will be used later.
• Chapter 2: Maxwell's equations are described to provide didactical
support for the following chapters. More classically, FEM is more commonly
presented for mechanics and we consider that this brief review of EM is
appropriate here.
• Chapter 3: This chapter is devoted to an introduction to the FEM in
a short presentation of the method. The goal is not to analyze this method
very deeply (many books with this purpose are available) but to bring out
the most important aspects of the FEM for EM analysis. It is a concise
chapter in which virtually all the FE concepts are introduced and it is clearly
shown how they should be linked in order to implement a computational
code.
• Chapter 4: After presenting the FEM, the method is applied to EM
equations, pointing out their physical meaning and explaining in detail the
particulars related to this area. Thermal equations are also included in this
chapter.
• Chapter 5: The coupling with electrical and electronic circuits is
now presented. In this chapter much of our experience and advanced
research work are extensively described. The formulation reaches advanced
phenomena as in, for instance, linking EM devices to converters, whose
topology is not known "a priori". It means that the dynamic behavior of the
converter is taken into account (considering the switching of thyristors,
diodes, etc., during operation) and calculated simultaneously with EM field
equations. Eddy current phenomenon is also treated in "thick" conductors.
• Chapter 6: Movement is an important aspect of EM devices; most
of them (electrical machines, switchers and actuators) are subjected to
mechanical forces and movement. In this chapter, methods for discretizing
airgaps and for simulating the physical displacement are presented. In the
final part of this chapter a method (based on 2D simulations) to take into
account the skew effect in rotating machines is proposed.
• Chapter 7: The interaction between electromagnetic and
mechanical quantities is described. Many different and commonly employed
methods are presented and compared. Here, again, a great deal of our experience, papers and results are brought together and can be viewed as a
good synthesis of research performed by us and other groups. Also, results
on vibrational behavior of EM structures (coupling mechanical equations
with EM ones) are presented.
• Chapter 8: This part of the book is dedicated to losses. Advanced
studies on eddy current, anomalous and hysteresis losses are described. We
may point out that the last subject, hysteresis, is (as far as numerical calculation
and simulation of devices are concerned) now a topic of intensive
study/research and has been the subject of many recent papers. In our text
we present modeling for hysteresis and its implementation in a FEM code,
using, as indicated above, proven methods.
We hope that the book will provide reliable and useful information
for students and researchers dealing with EM problems.
Finally, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to many colleagues
and friends who helped us to develop the works presented in this
book. Without their support it would have been impossible to publish it. We
would like specially to thank Dr. M. Lajoie-Mazenc (LEEI-Toulouse) and
Prof. C. Rioux (Univ. Paris VI), our thesis advisors, who gave us the
scientific background for our research and professional life; Prof. N. Ida
(Univ. of Akron) for a long collaboration, multiple technical discussions and
decisive help with editing this book; Dr. P. Kuo-Peng (GRUCAD-UFSC) for
writing substantial parts of chapter 5; Dr. R. C. Mesquita (UFMG); Prof. J. R.
Cardoso (USP) and their teams for continual collaboration and technical
support; and Prof. A. Kost (T. U. Cottbus) for his cooperation and technical
exchanges. Our deep thanks to the colleagues of GRUCAD-UFSC and the
Department of Electrical Engineering of the Universidade Federal de Santa
Catarina for their constant support and friendship. We are grateful to the
CNPq and CAPES (Brazilian Government's scientific foundations) for their
financial support of our research work.
Joao Pedro A. Bastos
Nelson Sadowski
Copyright © 2003 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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