【书 名】： Aeronautical Radio Communication Systems and Networks
【出版时间】： 2008
【语 言】：English
【页 数】： 372
【著 作 人】： Dale Stacey
【文件格式】： pdf
Preface xvii
Dedications xviii
About the Author xviii
Revisions, Corrections, Updates, Liability xix
Book Layout and Structure xix
1 Introduction 1
1.1 The Legacy 1
1.2 Today and the Second Generation of Equipment 1
1.3 The Future 3
1.4 Operational and User Changes 3
1.5 Radio Spectrum Used by Aviation 4
1.5.1 Convergence, Spectrum Sharing 6
1.6 Discussion of the Organizational Structure of Aviation
Communications Disciplines 6
1.6.1 International Bodies 7
1.6.2 Example National Bodies 7
1.6.3 Industrial Interests 7
1.6.4 Example Standards Bodies and Professional Engineering Bodies 7
1.6.5 Users/Operators 8
2 Theory Governing Aeronautical Radio Systems 9
Summary 9
2.1 Basic Definitions 10
2.1.1 Notations and Units 10
2.2 Propagation Fundamentals 11
2.2.1 Electromagnetic Vectors 11
2.2.2 Polarization 11
2.2.3 Speed of Propagation and Relationship to Wavelength and Frequency 11
2.3 Power, Amplitudes and the Decibel Scale 14
2.4 The Isotropic Power Source and Free Space Path Loss 15
2.4.1 Definition of Isotropic 15
2.4.2 Derivation of Free Space Path Loss Equation 15
2.4.3 Power Flux Density 17
2.4.4 Electric Field Strength 17
2.4.5 Relationship Between Field Strength and Transmitted Power 18
2.5 Radio Geometry 19
2.5.1 Radio Horizon Calculations 19
2.5.2 Earth Bulge Factor – k Factor 22
2.5.3 Nautical Mile 23
2.5.4 Great-circle Distances 24
2.6 Complex Propagation: Refraction, Absorption, Non-LOS Propagation 25
2.6.1 Refraction 26
2.6.1.1 Layer Refraction 26
2.6.1.2 Obstacle Refraction 26
2.6.2 Attenuation from Atmosphere Absorption 28
2.6.2.1 Water Absorption 28
2.6.2.2 Oxygen Absorption and Other Gases 28
2.6.3 Non-LOS Propagation 30
2.6.3.1 Propagation – Ground Wave 30
2.6.3.2 Reflection and Multipath 30
2.6.3.3 Propagation – Sky Wave 32
2.6.4 Propagation to Satellite 36
2.6.4.1 Propagation Distance 36
2.6.4.2 Atmospheric Losses 36
2.7 Other Propagation Effects 37
2.7.1 The Doppler Effect 37
2.7.1.1 Example 37
2.7.1.2 Answer 38
2.8 Modulation 38
2.8.1 The Modulation Conundrum 40
2.8.2 The Analogue and Digital Domains 40
2.8.3 Amplitude Modulation (AM) 41
2.8.3.1 DSB-AM 41
2.8.3.2 The VHF Aeronautical Mobile Communications
(Route) Service (AM(R)S) 43
2.8.3.3 Single Sideband (SSB) Modulation 46
2.8.3.4 The Aeronautical HF System and Other SSB Systems 48
2.8.3.5 Suppressed Carrier Double Side Band AM 48
2.8.4 Frequency Modulation 49
2.8.4.1 Capture Effect (Hysteresis) 49
2.8.5 Digital Modulation 50
2.8.5.1 Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) 50
2.8.5.2 Amplitude Modulated Minimum Shift Keying (AM–MSK) 51
2.8.5.3 Baud/Bit Rate and ‘M-ary’ ASK 52
2.8.5.4 Bipolar and Differential 52
2.8.5.5 Frequency Shift Keying 53
2.8.5.6 Phase Shift Keying 53
2.8.5.7 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) and Trellis
Code Modulation (TCM) 58
2.8.5.8 Trellis Code Modulation 59
2.8.5.9 Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) 60
2.9 Shannon’s Theory 62
2.9.1 Non-Errorless Transmission 62
2.10 Multiplexing and Trunking 62
2.10.1 Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) 63
2.10.2 Trunking 63
2.10.2.1 Example 63
2.10.3 Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) 65
2.10.4 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and
Coded OFDM 65
2.11 Access Schemes 66
2.11.1 Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) 66
2.11.2 Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) 67
2.11.3 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) 67
2.11.3.1 CDMA Principles 69
2.11.3.2 Frequency Domain Duplex (FDD) and Time
Domain Duplex (TDD) 70
2.11.3.3 CDMA Applications 71
2.12 Mitigation Techniques for Fading and Multipath 71
2.12.1 Equalization 71
2.12.2 Forward Error Correction and Cyclic Redundancy Checking 72
2.12.3 Interleaving 72
2.12.4 Space Diversity 74
2.12.5 Frequency Diversity 75
2.12.6 Passive Receiver Diversity 75
2.13 Bandwidth Normalization 77
2.14 Antenna Gain 80
2.14.1 Ideal Isotropic Antenna 80
2.14.2 Practical Realizations 81
2.14.3 Some Common Antennas Used for Aeronautical Communications 82
2.14.3.1 The Dipole 82
2.14.3.2 The Folded Dipole 82
2.14.3.3 Quarter-Wave Vertical Antenna 82
2.14.3.4 5/8 λ Vertical Antenna 83
2.14.3.5 Yagi Antenna 84
2.14.3.6 Log Periodic Antenna 84
2.14.3.7 Parabolic Dish Antennas 86
2.15 The Link Budget 87
2.16 Intermodulation 88
2.16.1 Third-order, Unwanted Harmonics 88
2.16.2 Higher Order Harmonics 92
2.17 Noise in a Communication System 92
2.17.1 Thermal Noise 92
2.17.2 Natural Noise 92
2.17.3 Man-made Noise and Interference 92
2.17.4 Sky Noise 93
2.18 Satellite Theory 93
2.18.1 Extended Noise Equation 93
2.18.2 G/T 93
2.18.3 The Link Budget Equation 94
2.18.4 Noise Temperatures 95
2.18.4.1 Receiver Side of the Reference Point 95
2.18.4.2 Antenna Side of the Reference Point 95
2.19 Availability and Reliability 99
2.19.1 Definitions 99
2.19.2 The Reliability Bathtub Curve 99
2.19.3 Some Reliability Concepts 100
2.19.4 Overall Availability of a Multicomponent System 101
2.19.4.1 Serial Chain 101
2.19.4.2 Parallel Chain 101
2.19.4.3 The Reliability Block Diagram 102
Further Reading 104
3 VHF Communication 105
Summary 105
3.1 History 105
3.1.1 The Legacy Pre-1947 105
3.1.2 1947 to Present, Channelization and Band Splitting 106
3.1.2.1 Channel Splitting 108
3.1.3 Today and 8.33 kHz Channelization 108
3.1.4 Into the Future (Circa 2006 Plus) 109
3.2 DSB-AM Transceiver at a System Level 110
3.2.1 System Design Features of AM(R)S DSB-AM System 110
3.2.1.1 Availability and Reliability 113
3.2.1.2 RF Unbalance 113
3.2.1.3 System Specification 113
3.3 Dimensioning a Mobile Communications System–The Three Cs 113
3.3.1 Coverage 115
3.3.1.1 Voting Networks and Extended Coverage 117
3.3.2 Capacity 120
3.3.3 Cwality (Quality) 122
3.4 Regulatory and Licensing Aspects 123
3.4.1 The Three As 123
3.4.1.1 Allocation 123
3.4.1.2 Allotment 124
3.4.1.3 Assignment 124
3.4.1.4 Utilization Profile 124
3.5 VHF ‘Hardening’ and Intermodulation 125
3.5.1 Receiver Swamping 125
3.5.2 Intermodulation 126
3.6 The VHF Datalink 126
3.6.1 Limitations with VHF Voice 126
3.6.2 The History of Datalink 127
2.8.5.8 Trellis Code Modulation 59
2.8.5.9 Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) 60
2.9 Shannon’s Theory 62
2.9.1 Non-Errorless Transmission 62
2.10 Multiplexing and Trunking 62
2.10.1 Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) 63
2.10.2 Trunking 63
2.10.2.1 Example 63
2.10.3 Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) 65
2.10.4 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and
Coded OFDM 65
2.11 Access Schemes 66
2.11.1 Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) 66
2.11.2 Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) 67
2.11.3 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) 67
2.11.3.1 CDMA Principles 69
2.11.3.2 Frequency Domain Duplex (FDD) and Time
Domain Duplex (TDD) 70
2.11.3.3 CDMA Applications 71
2.12 Mitigation Techniques for Fading and Multipath 71
2.12.1 Equalization 71
2.12.2 Forward Error Correction and Cyclic Redundancy Checking 72
2.12.3 Interleaving 72
2.12.4 Space Diversity 74
2.12.5 Frequency Diversity 75
2.12.6 Passive Receiver Diversity 75
2.13 Bandwidth Normalization 77
2.14 Antenna Gain 80
2.14.1 Ideal Isotropic Antenna 80
2.14.2 Practical Realizations 81
2.14.3 Some Common Antennas Used for Aeronautical Communications 82
2.14.3.1 The Dipole 82
2.14.3.2 The Folded Dipole 82
2.14.3.3 Quarter-Wave Vertical Antenna 82
2.14.3.4 5/8 λ Vertical Antenna 83
2.14.3.5 Yagi Antenna 84
2.14.3.6 Log Periodic Antenna 84
2.14.3.7 Parabolic Dish Antennas 86
2.15 The Link Budget 87
2.16 Intermodulation 88
2.16.1 Third-order, Unwanted Harmonics 88
2.16.2 Higher Order Harmonics 92
2.17 Noise in a Communication System 92
2.17.1 Thermal Noise 92
2.17.2 Natural Noise 92
2.17.3 Man-made Noise and Interference 92
2.17.4 Sky Noise 93
2.18 Satellite Theory 93
2.18.1 Extended Noise Equation 93
2.18.2 G/T 93
2.18.3 The Link Budget Equation 94
2.18.4 Noise Temperatures 95
2.18.4.1 Receiver Side of the Reference Point 95
2.18.4.2 Antenna Side of the Reference Point 95
2.19 Availability and Reliability 99
2.19.1 Definitions 99
2.19.2 The Reliability Bathtub Curve 99
2.19.3 Some Reliability Concepts 100
2.19.4 Overall Availability of a Multicomponent System 101
2.19.4.1 Serial Chain 101
2.19.4.2 Parallel Chain 101
2.19.4.3 The Reliability Block Diagram 102
Further Reading 104
3 VHF Communication 105
Summary 105
3.1 History 105
3.1.1 The Legacy Pre-1947 105
3.1.2 1947 to Present, Channelization and Band Splitting 106
3.1.2.1 Channel Splitting 108
3.1.3 Today and 8.33 kHz Channelization 108
3.1.4 Into the Future (Circa 2006 Plus) 109
3.2 DSB-AM Transceiver at a System Level 110
3.2.1 System Design Features of AM(R)S DSB-AM System 110
3.2.1.1 Availability and Reliability 113
3.2.1.2 RF Unbalance 113
3.2.1.3 System Specification 113
3.3 Dimensioning a Mobile Communications System–The Three Cs 113
3.3.1 Coverage 115
3.3.1.1 Voting Networks and Extended Coverage 117
3.3.2 Capacity 120
3.3.3 Cwality (Quality) 122
3.4 Regulatory and Licensing Aspects 123
3.4.1 The Three As 123
3.4.1.1 Allocation 123
3.4.1.2 Allotment 124
3.4.1.3 Assignment 124
3.4.1.4 Utilization Profile 124
3.5 VHF ‘Hardening’ and Intermodulation 125
3.5.1 Receiver Swamping 125
3.5.2 Intermodulation 126
3.6 The VHF Datalink 126
3.6.1 Limitations with VHF Voice 126
3.6.2 The History of Datalink 127
3.6.3 System-Level Technical Description 128
3.6.3.1 ACARS/VDL0/VDLA 128
3.6.3.2 VDL1 129
3.6.3.3 VDL2 130
3.6.3.4 VDL Mode 3 134
3.6.3.5 VDL4 138
3.6.4 Overview of the Modes – A Comparison 140
3.6.5 Services over Datalink 140
3.6.6 Future Data Applications 140
Further Reading 143
4 Military Communication Systems 145
Summary 145
4.1 Military VHF Communications – The Legacy 145
4.2 After the Legacy 146
4.3 The Shortfalls of the Military VHF Communication System 147
4.4 The Requirement for a New Tactical Military System 147
4.5 The Birth of JTIDS/MIDS 147
4.6 Technical Definitionof JTIDS and MIDS 148
4.6.1 Channelization 148
4.6.2 Link 4A Air Interface 148
4.6.3 Link-11 Air Interface 148
4.6.4 Link 16 – Air Interface 149
4.6.5 Access Methods 151
4.6.6 Link 16 Data Exchange 152
4.6.7 Jitter 152
4.6.8 Synchronization 152
4.6.9 Sychronization Stack 152
4.6.9.1 Header 153
4.6.9.2 Data Packing 153
4.6.9.3 Standard Double Pulse Format 154
4.6.9.4 Packed 2 Single Pulse Format 154
4.6.9.5 Packed 2 Double Pulse Format 155
4.6.9.6 Packed 4 Single Pulse Format 155
4.6.10 Other Salient Features of JTIDS/MIDS 156
4.6.11 Overlay with DME Band 156
5 Long-Distance Mobile Communications 157
Summary 157
5.1 High-Frequency Radio – The Legacy 157
5.2 Allocation and Allotment 158
5.3 HF System Features 158
5.3.1 Transmitter 159
5.3.2 Receiver 159
5.3.3 System Configuration 159
5.3.4 Selective Calling (SELCAL) 159
5.3.5 Channel Availability 160
5.4 HF Datalink System 162
5.4.1 Protocol 162
5.4.2 Deployment 163
5.5 Applications of Aeronautical HF 163
5.6 Mobile Satellite Communications 165
5.6.1 Introduction 165
5.6.1.1 Geostationary Satellite Systems 165
5.6.1.2 Low-Earth Orbit Satellite Systems 167
5.6.1.3 Medium-Earth Orbit Satellite System 168
5.6.2 Geostationary Services System Detail 168
5.6.2.1 The AMS(R)S Satellite System 168
5.6.3 Antenna System Specifications 171
5.6.3.1 Satellite Antenna Figure of Merit (G/T) 172
5.6.3.2 Antenna Discrimination 172
5.6.3.3 Rx Thresholds 173
5.6.3.4 Tx EIRP Limits 174
5.7 Comparison Between VHF, HF, L Band (JTIDS/MIDS) and
Satellite Mobile Communications 175
5.8 Aeronautical Passenger Communications 175
Further Reading 175
6 Aeronautical Telemetry Systems 177
Summary 177
6.1 Introduction – The Legacy 177
6.2 Existing Systems 178
6.2.1 A Typical Telemetry System Layout 179
6.2.1.1 Transmitter Side (On-board Aircraft Components) 180
6.2.1.2 Receiver Side (High-performance Ground Station) 181
6.2.1.3 On-board System Duplication and Ground
Backhaul Infrastructure 181
6.2.2 Telecontrol 182
6.3 Productivity and Applications 182
6.4 Proposed Airbus Future Telemetry System 183
6.4.1 Channelization Plan 183
6.4.2 System Components 183
6.4.3 Telemetry Downlink 183
6.4.4 Telecommand Uplink 184
6.5 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles 185
7 Terrestrial Backhaul and the Aeronautical Telecommunications Network 187
Summary 187
7.1 Introduction 187
7.2 Types of Point-to-point Bearers 188
7.2.1 Copper Cables 188
7.2.2 Frequency Division Multiplex Stacks 189
7.2.3 Newer Digital Connections and the Pulse Code Modulation 189
7.2.4 Synchronous Digital Hierarchy, Asynchronous Transfer
Mode and Internet Protocol 191
7.2.5 Fibre Optic 191
7.2.6 Private Networks and the Aeronautical Telecommunications
Networks 192
7.2.7 PTT-Offered Services 194
7.2.8 Radio Links 194
7.2.8.1 Fixed Radio Link Design 194
7.2.9 VSAT Networks 197
7.2.9.1 VSAT Radio Link Budget 197
7.2.10 Hybrid Network 199
8 Future Aeronautical Mobile Communication Systems 201
Summary 201
8.1 Introduction 202
8.2 Near-term Certainties 202
8.2.1 Universal Access Transceiver 202
8.2.1.1 Frame Structure 202
8.2.1.2 UAT Transceiver Specification 203
8.2.1.3 UAT Modes of Operation 204
8.2.1.4 Message Types 204
8.2.1.5 Application and Limitation of UAT 205
8.2.1.6 Further Reading 205
8.2.2 Mode S Extended Squitter 205
8.2.2.1 Mode S Introduction 205
8.2.2.2 Pulse Interrogations and Replies 206
8.2.2.3 Further Reading 207
8.2.3 802.xx Family 207
8.2.3.1 802.16 208
8.2.3.2 Specification 209
8.2.3.3 Application and Limitations 210
8.3 Longer Term Options 210
8.3.1 Analysis 210
8.3.2 Answer 210
8.3.3 The Definition Conundrum 211
8.3.3.1 The Requirements or the Operational Scenario 212
8.3.3.2 Technology Options and Frequency Band 213
8.3.3.3 Spectrum Requirements 214
8.3.4 A Proposal for a CDMA-based Communication System 214
8.3.5 Software Defined Radio 217
Further Reading 219
9 The Economics of Radio 221
Summary 221
9.1 Introduction 221
9.2 Basic Rules of Economics 221
9.3 Analysis and the Break-even Point 222
9.4 The Cost of Money 222
9.4.1 Some Basic Financial Concepts 223
9.4.2 Inflation 224
9.5 The Safety Case 225
9.6 Reliability Cost 226
9.7 Macroeconomics 227
10 Ground Installations and Equipment 229
Summary 229
10.1 Introduction 229
10.1.1 Environment 229
10.1.1.1 Indoor Environment 229
10.1.1.2 Outdoor Environment 230
10.2 Practical Equipment VHF Communication Band (118–137 MHz) 233
10.2.1 VHF Transmitters 233
10.2.2 VHF Receivers 233
10.2.3 VHF Transmitter/Receiver Configurations 235
10.2.3.1 VHF Single-channel Dual Simplex Station Site
Configuration 235
10.2.3.2 VHF Multichannel, Duplicated Base Station 236
10.2.4 VHF Cavity Filters 236
10.2.5 VHF Combiner, Multicouplers, Switches and Splitters 237
10.2.6 Other Radio Equipment 238
10.2.6.1 HF 238
10.2.6.2 Microwave Point-to-point Equipment 240
10.2.6.3 Satellite Equipment 240
10.2.6.4 Voice/Data Termination, Multiplex and Other
Line-terminating Equipment 241
10.2.6.5 Future Communication Equipment 241
10.2.7 Peripheral Equipment 243
10.2.7.1 Mains/AC Service 243
10.2.7.2 DC Supplies 244
10.2.7.3 Heating Ventilation, Air Conditioning 244
10.2.7.4 Pressurization 244
10.3 Outdoor 245
10.3.1 Transmission Lines (VHF, L Band and Microwave) 245
10.3.2 Antenna Engineering 245
10.3.2.1 Antenna Location and Application 245
10.3.2.2 Antenna Selection 247
10.3.2.3 Alignment and Optimization 248
10.3.2.4 Practical Antennas 248
10.3.3 Towers or Masts 254
10.3.4 Equipment Room 255
10.3.5 Equipment Racks 257
11 Avionics 259
Summary 259
11.1 Introduction 259
11.2 Environment 259
11.2.1 Temperature 261
11.2.1.1 Outside 261
11.2.1.2 Interior 262
11.2.2 Pressure 262
11.2.2.1 External Pressure 262
11.2.2.2 Internal Pressure 262
11.2.3 Equipment Testing 262
11.2.4 Apparent Wind Speed 262
11.2.5 Humidity: 0–100 % 264
11.2.5.1 External 264
11.2.5.2 Internal 264
11.2.5.3 General 264
11.2.6 RF Environment, Immunity, EMC 268
11.2.7 Environmental Classification 268
11.3 Types of Aircraft 268
11.3.1 Private Aircraft 269
11.3.2 General Aviation 269
11.3.3 Commercial Aviation 270
11.3.4 Military Aviation 271
11.4 Simple Avionics for Private Aviation 272
11.5 The Distributed Avionics Concept 273
11.5.1 Data Bus Standards 273
11.5.1.1 ARINC 429 Standard 273
11.5.1.2 ARINC 629 Standard 277
11.5.1.3 ARINC 659 278
11.5.1.4 Fibre-distributed Data Interface (FDDI) 278
11.5.2 Power Supply System 279
11.5.2.1 Power Subsystem on an Aircraft 280
11.5.2.2 Example The Boeing 777 280
11.5.2.3 28V DC 281
11.5.2.4 Flight Management System Monitoring of Circuit Breakers 281
11.6 Avionic Racking Arrangements 282
11.6.1 ATR and MCU 282
11.6.2 Cooling 283
11.6.3 Back Plane Wiring 283
11.6.3.1 Index Pin Code 284
11.6.5 Other Standards 284
11.7 Avionic Boxes 284
11.7.1 VHF Transceivers 284
11.7.1.1 Transmitter Specification 285
11.7.1.2 Receiver Specification 286
11.7.1.3 Navigation Communication Control Panel 287
11.7.2 HF Radios 289
11.7.2.1 Technical Specification 289
11.7.2.2 Transmitter 289
11.7.2.3 HF Physical Specification 290
11.7.2.4 Power 290
11.7.2.5 HF Built-in Test Equipment 291
11.7.2.6 HF Antenna Tuner and Coupler 291
11.7.2.7 Dual System Interlocks 292
11.7.2.8 HF Data Radio 292
11.7.3 Satellite Receiver System Avionics 293
11.7.3.1 Receiver Specification 293
11.7.3.2 Size Specification 293
11.7.4 Other Equipment 294
11.8 Antennas 294
11.8.1 VHF Antennas 294
11.8.1.1 Whip Antennas 295
11.8.1.2 Blade Antennas 297
11.8.1.3 Compound Antennas 298
11.8.2 HF Antennas 298
11.8.2.1 Wireline 298
11.8.2.2 Probe Antennas 299
11.8.2.3 Cap Antennas 300
11.8.2.4 Shunt Antennas 300
11.8.2.5 Notch Antenna 300
11.8.2.6 Antenna Couplers 300
11.8.3 Satellite Antennas 300
11.9 Mastering the Co-site Environment 301
11.10 Data Cables, Power Cables, Special Cables, Coaxial Cables 303
11.11 Certification and Maintaining Airworthiness 303
11.11.1 Certification 303
11.11.2 EUROCAE 304
11.11.3 Master Minimum Equipment List 304
Further Reading 304
12 Interference, Electromagnetic Compatibility, Spectrum Management and
Frequency Management 307
Summary 307
12.1 Introduction 308
12.2 Interference 308
12.2.1 Sources of Interference 308
12.2.1.1 Accidental or Inadvertent Interference 309
12.2.1.2 Intended or Purposeful Interference 310
12.2.2 Interference Forms 310
12.2.3 Immunity and Susceptibility 311
12.2.4 Testing for Interference 313
12.3 Electromagnetic Compatibility 314
12.3.1 Analysis 314
12.3.2 Out of Channel, Out of Band, Spurious Emissions 316
12.3.3 EMC Criteria 317
12.3.3.1 Building a Compatibility Matrix 318
12.4 Spectrum Management Process 318
12.4.1 Co-channel Sharing and Adjacent Channel and Adjacent
Band Compatibility 319
12.4.2 Intrasystem and Intersystem Compatibility 319
12.4.3 Intrasystem Criteria 320
12.4.4 Intersystem Criteria 320
12.4.4.1 Two Aviation Systems 320
12.4.4.2 Two Systems: One of Them Not Aviation Safety
of Life 320
12.4.5 WRC Process and the Review and Amend Cycles 321
12.5 Frequency Management Process 322
12.5.1 Example 322
12.5.2 Emergency Frequency (Three-channel Guard Band Either Side) 322
12.5.3 SAFIRE (Spectrum frequency information repositary) 324
Further Reading 324
Appendix 1 Summary of All Equations (Constants, Variables
and Conversions) 325
Appendix 2 List of Symbols and Variables from Equations 333
Appendix 3 List of Constants 335
Appendix 4 Unit Conversions 337
Appendix 5 List of Abbreviations 339
Index 345
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Aeronautical Radio Communication Systems and Networks: Aeronautical Radio Communication Systems and Networks.part2.rar
