Fundamentals of Radar Technology for Level Gauging
4th edition (revised and expanded)
by Dr.-Ing. Detlef Brumbi
KROHNE Messtechnik GmbH & Co. KG
PDF格式，65pp，1MB
Contents：（不少哦）
1 Introduction
1.1 RADAR systems
1.2 Radar milestones
2 General
2.1 Frequency, wavelength and propagation rate
2.2 Electromagnetic frequency spectrum
2.3 Postal regulations
2.4 Hazards from microwaves
2.5 Fields of application
3 Radar level measurement systems
3.1 Overview of level measurement methods
3.2 Radar level measurement - General
3.3 Comparison of radar methods
3.4 Interferometer radar
3.5 Pulse radar
3.5.1 Bandwidth of an HF pulse
3.6 FMCW radar
3.6.1 Principle
3.6.2 Type model
3.6.3 Frequency control by PLL
3.7 Power balance (“radar equation”)
4 Components for radar systems
4.1 Active devices
4.1.1 GaAs transistors
4.1.2 Active diodes
4.1.3 Silicon devices
4.1.4 Velocity-modulated tubes
4.2 Oscillators to generate microwave frequency oscillations
4.2.1 Fixed-frequency transmitters
4.2.2 DRO
4.2.3 VCO
4.3 Circuit stages for processing radar signals
4.3.1 Mixers
4.3.2 Receiver noise
4.4 Line transmission
4.4.1 Coaxial cable
4.4.2 Twin line
4.4.3 Planar lines
4.4.4 Wire in free space
4.4.5 Waveguide
4.4.6 Coupling into waveguides
4.4.7 Directional coupler
4.4.8 Reflections at junctions
4.4.9 Plug connectors
5 Antennas
5.1 Types of antenna
5.2 Antenna gain
5.3 Radiation angle
5.4 Polarization
5.5 Directional diagrams
6Wave propagation
6.1 Propagation rate
6.1.1 Influence of the carrier medium (atmosphere)
6.1.2 Propagation rate on lines
6.1.3 Propagation rate in stillwells/waveguides
6.2 Transmission through dielectric windows
6.3 Free-space attenuation
6.4 Atmospheric signal attenuation
6.5 Modified radar equation
6.6 Equivalent isotropic radiation power (EIRP)
6.7 Propagation along electric lines (TDR method)
7 Reflection
7.1 Reflection factor
7.2 Reflection at interfaces
7.3 Dielectric permittivity
7.3.1 Chemico-physical assessment
7.3.2 Frequency dependence
7.3.3 Temperature and viscosity dependence
7.3.4 Liquid mixes
7.3.5 Bulk (particulate) materials
7.4 Scattering from particulate materials
7.5 Reflected radar cross-section from limited targets
7.6 Angle of reflection
8Evaluation methods
8.1 Object discrimination
8.2 Unambiguity
8.3 Measurement uncertainty
8.4 Interference
8.5 Sample calculation for received powers
8.5.1 Useful signal
8.5.2 Signal-to-noise ratio
8.5.3 Signal-to-interference ratio of an interference reflector
8.6 Signal evaluation in the pulse-radar system
8.7 Signal evaluation in FMCW radar
8.7.1 Counting method
8.7.2 Fourier transform
8.7.3 Phasegradient method
8.7.4 Tracking
8.8 Special methods
8.8.1 Empty-tank spectrum
8.8.2 Tank bottom tracing
8.8.3 Interface detection
Annex
A Table of dielectric permittivity
B System-theoretical comparison between interferometer and FMCW methods
C Bibliography
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