Design of Linear RF Outphasing Power Amplifiers
—(Artech House microwave library)
作者：Xuejun Zhang,Lawrence E. Larson,Peter M. Asbeck
出版：Artech House
ISBN：1-58053-374-4
页数：200
日期：2003
目录：
1 Introduction 1
1.1 The Role of Power Amplifiers in
Wireless Communication Systems 1
1.2 Characterization of Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications 4
1.2.1 Power Amplifier Waveform Quality Measurements 6
1.2.2 Power Efficiency Measurements 19
1.3 Power Amplifier Linearization and Efficiency-Enhancement Techniques 22
1.4 Outphasing Microwave Power Amplifiers 27
1.4.1 Historical Perspectives on Outphasing Power Amplifiers 27
1.4.2 Introduction to the Theory of Outphasing Amplification 29
References 32
2 Linearity Performance of Outphasing Power Amplifier Systems 35
2.1 Introduction 35
2.2 Digital Modulation Techniques 36
2.2.1 QPSK and Its Variations 36
2.2.2 QAM 41
2.3 Baseband Filtering of Digital Data 41
2.3.1 Raised Cosine Filter 45
2.3.2 Gaussian Filter 49
2.3.3 IS-95 Baseband Filter 50
2.4 Signal Component Separation for Outphasing Amplifiers 51
2.5 Path Imbalance and Its Effects on Linearity 61
2.5.1 Two-Tone Linearity Analysis of an Outphased Amplifier with Path Mismatch Effects 62
2.5.2 ACI Estimation with Gain and Phase Mismatch 64
2.6 Effect of Quadrature Modulator Errors on Linearity 67
2.6.1 Quadrature Modulator Error Minimization 69
2.6.2 Quadrature Modulator Error Effects on Outphasing Systems 72
2.7 SCS Quantization Error Effects on Outphasing Systems 75
2.7.1 Error Effects of Quantization of the Source Signal 75
2.7.2 Error Effects of Quantization of the Quadrature Signal 76
2.8 Linearity Effects of Reconstruction Filter and DSP Sampling Rate 79
2.9 Summary 81
References 83
3 Path Mismatch Reduction Techniques for Outphasing Amplifiers 87
3.1 Introduction 87
3.2 Correction Schemes Based on Training Vectors 88
3.2.1 Baseband Preconditioning of Path Mismatch Errors 89
3.2.2 Foreground Calibration Algorithm of Path Mismatch Errors 91
3.3 Path Mismatch Error Correction Schemes Transparent to Data Transmission 101
3.3.1 Phase-Only Correction Approach 101
3.3.2 Simplex Search Algorithm Correction 102
3.3.3 Direct Search Algorithm 104
3.3.4 Background Calibration Algorithm 105
3.4 Mismatch Correction Scheme for Broadband Applications 112
3.5 VCO-Derived Synthesis 114
3.5.1 CALLUM 119
3.5.2 VLL 124
References 126
4 Power-Combining and Efficiency-Enhancement Techniques 129
4.1 Introduction 129
4.2 Power-Combining Techniques for Outphasing Amplifiers 130
4.3 Amplifier Choices for Outphasing Systems 135
4.4 Outphasing Amplifier Design Using Class A, B, and C Amplifiers 137
4.5 Chireix Power-Combining Technique 142
4.6 Combiner Design for Switching-Mode (Class D and Class E) Amplifiers 145
4.6.1 Analysis of MOSFET-Based Class D Outphasing Amplifier with Lossless Combining 147
4.6.2 Simulation and Discussion of MOS-Based Class D with Lossless Combining 153
4.7 Application of Lossy Power Combiners to Outphasing Power Amplifiers 156
4.8 Probability Distribution of Output Power and Its Impact on Efficiency 159
4.9 Power Recycling in Outphasing Amplifiers 163
4.9.1 Analysis of the Power-Recycling Network for a Continuous-Wave Signal 164
4.9.2 Analysis and Discussion for Linear-Modulated Signals 176
4.9.3 Practical Implementations 184
References 185
Selected Bibliography 185
Appendix 4A 186
4A.1 Available Power from the Hybrid Combiner 186
4A.2 Recycling Efficiency and VSWR for
Arbitrary Diode Model 188
About the Authors 191
Index 193
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