Innovation in Wearable and Flexible Antennas 关于穿戴设备天线的书，需要的下载: Innovation in Wearable and Flexible Antennas .pdf

Contents
Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1
Haider Raad Khaleel
CHAPTER 1: Fabrication and Measurement Techniques of
Wearable and Flexible Antennas ........................................................... 7
Yue Li, Zhijun Zhang, Zhenghe Feng & Haider R. Khaleel
1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 7
2 Material Selection .............................................................................................  8
2.1 Conductive materials ................................................................................ 9
2.2 Substrate materials .................................................................................. 10
2.3 Material characterization .........................................................................  11
3 Antenna Fabrication  ........................................................................................ 12
3.1 Fabrication methods ................................................................................ 12
3.2 Impedance matching strategy in wearable and flexible antennas ........... 14
4 Antenna Measurement .................................................................................... 16
4.1 Specific absorption rate (SAR) ............................................................... 17
4.2  Performance on human body .................................................................. 17
4.3  Bending and crumpling effects ............................................................... 18
4.4 Other related measurement setups .......................................................... 19
References .......................................................................................................... 19
CHAPTER 2: Organic Paper-Based Antennas .................................. 25
Dimitris E. Anagnostou
1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 25
2 Printing Technologies .....................................................................................  26
2.1 Materials printer ...................................................................................... 26
2.2 Aerosol jet technology ............................................................................ 27
2.3 Microsyringe technology  ....................................................................... 28 2.4 Screen printing ........................................................................................ 28
2.5 Roll-to-roll printing .................................................................................  28
3  Paper as a Substrate ........................................................................................ 29
4 Organic Paper-Based Antennas ...................................................................... 35
4.1  Novel designs and future trends .............................................................. 48
5 Conclusions ..................................................................................................... 53
References .......................................................................................................... 54
CHAPTER 3: Flexible Optically Transparent Antennas .................. 59
Casey White & Haider R. Khaleel  
1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 60
2 Fabrication Methods ....................................................................................... 62
2.1  Meshed antenna ...................................................................................... 62
2.1.1 Ink-jet application ........................................................................... 62
2.1.2 Removal process ............................................................................. 63
2.2 Transparent conductive oxides ................................................................ 63
2.2.1 Sheet resistance ............................................................................... 64
2.2.2 Implementation ............................................................................... 64
2.2.3 Prefabricated substrate .................................................................... 65
3 Substrate Selection.......................................................................................... 65
4 Case Study ...................................................................................................... 66
4.1 Antenna design and fabrication ............................................................... 66
4.2 Simulation and measurement .................................................................. 68
5  Conclusions .................................................................................................... 69
References .......................................................................................................... 69
CHAPTER 4: Inkjet-Printed Artificial Magnetic Conductors  
(AMC) for Wearable Antenna Applications ....................................... 71
S. Kim, B. S. Cook, J. R. Cooper & M. M. Tentzeris
1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 71
2  Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS) and Artificial Magnetic Conductor
(AMC) Plane .................................................................................................. 72
2.1 High impedance surface (HIS) ................................................................  72
2.2 Frequency selective surface (FSS) .......................................................... 74
3 Inkjet-Printing Technology as a Fabrication Method ..................................... 75
4 Antennas on AMC Plane ................................................................................ 77
4.1 AMC design and simulation ................................................................... 77
4.2  Wearable RFID on AMC plane .............................................................. 78 4.3  High gain monopole antennas on AMC plane ........................................ 81
4.3.1  Inkjet-printed antenna on broadband AMC plane ........................... 81
4.3.2  High-gain inkjet-printed antennas on paper for on-body applications
.................................................................................................................. 83
5 Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 87
References .......................................................................................................... 88
CHAPTER 5: Diversity Antennas for BAN Applications .................. 91
Thierry Alves, Benoît Poussot & Jean-Marc Laheurte
1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 91
2  Antenna Diversity Based on Co-Located Planar Inverted-F
Antenna (PIFA) and a Top-Loaded Monopole  ............................................. 92
2.1  Generalities on antenna diversity applied to BAN  .................................. 92
2.2  Design of the co-located top-loaded monopole and PIFA ...................... 93
2.3  Measurement of the co-located top-loaded monopole and PIFA ............ 94
2.4  Radiation patterns in the presence of a body phantom ............................ 94
2.5 Experimental set-up to evaluate the diversity performance .................... 95
2.6 Diversity measurements .......................................................................... 97
3  Diversity Antenna Based on Concentric Slot Loop and Dielectric
Resonator Antenna (DRA) ............................................................................. 99
3.1 Antenna geometry ................................................................................... 99
3.2 Antenna modelling ................................................................................ 100
3.3  Measured radiation patterns and S-parameters ..................................... 102
3.4 Experimental evaluation of the diversity performances ........................ 102
4 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 103
References ........................................................................................................ 104
CHAPTER 6: Mutual Coupling Reduction between Flexible
MIMO Antennas .................................................................................. 105
Haider R. Khaleel, Hussain M. Al-Rizzo & Ayman Isaac
1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 105
2  Antenna System Design and Configuration  .................................................. 107
2.1 Choice of substrate  ................................................................................ 107
2.2 Antenna design...................................................................................... 108
2.3  Design and characterization of BSRR  ................................................... 108
2.4  Fabrication and experimental setup ...................................................... 111
3 Results and Discussion  ................................................................................. 111
3.1 Scattering parameters ............................................................................  111 3.2 Far-field radiation pattern ..................................................................... 114
3.3 Current distribution  ............................................................................... 114
3.4 Envelope correlation ............................................................................. 114
4 Flexibility Tests ............................................................................................ 117
5 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 119
References ........................................................................................................ 119
CHAPTER 7: Flexible and Conformable Antennas for  
Body-Centric Radiofrequency Identification .................................... 123
R. Lodato, S. Manzari, C. Occhiuzzi & G. Marrocco
1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 123
2 RFID Technology ......................................................................................... 125
3 Passive Wearable UHF Tags ........................................................................ 127
3.1  Characteristics of wearable tags and state of the art ............................. 127
4 Implantable Passive UHF Tags ..................................................................... 133
4.1  Case study I: dipole and loop RFID tags for implant into limbs ........... 135
4.2  Case study II: conformal antenna for vascular monitoring ................... 138
5 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 141
References ........................................................................................................ 141
CHAPTER 8: Circularly Polarized Wearable Antennas ................. 145
Emmi Kaivanto, Erkki Salonen & Haider Khaleel

1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 145
2  A Brief Theory on Antenna Polarization  ...................................................... 147
2.1 Polarization types .................................................................................. 147
2.2  The handedness of circular polarization................................................ 148
2.3 Axial ratio ............................................................................................. 149
3 State-of-Art Designs ..................................................................................... 150
3.1  Circularly polarized wearable antennas for ISM band applications ...... 151
3.2  Circularly polarized wearable antennas for personal satellite
communication and navigation .................................................................... 152
4  Case Study: A Wearable Circularly Polarized Antenna for Personal
Satellite Communication and Navigation ..................................................... 153
5 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 160
References ........................................................................................................ 160
CHAPTER 9: Flexible VHF Animal Collar Antenna for
GPS-Aided Wildlife Tracking ............................................................ 163
Sungjong Yoo & Kathleen L. Melde
1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 163
2 Zigzag Antenna Analysis ..............................................................................  165
2.1  Small ground effects ............................................................................. 167
2.2  Input impedance and coupling capacitance  ........................................... 168
3 Antenna Input Impedance Matching Methods ..............................................  171
4  Polar Bear Tracking Antenna  ...................................................................... 175
4.1  Upright zigzag antenna for polar bear ...................................................  176
4.2  Curved zigzag antenna for polar bear body material ............................ 178
4.3 Radiation efficiency of zigzag antenna ................................................. 180
4.4  Specific absorption rate (SAR) of the zigzag antenna .......................... 182
4.5 Antenna fabrication  ............................................................................... 183
5 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 184
References ........................................................................................................ 185
CHAPTER 10: Textile-Based Rectennas .......................................... 187
Mohammed Al-Husseini, Abdullah Haskou, Nadeen Rishani
& Karim Y. Kabalan
1 Introduction  ................................................................................................. 187
2  Electrical Characterization of Textiles for Antenna Design ......................... 189
2.1 Parallel plate capacitor ..........................................................................  189
2.2 Backward method ................................................................................. 190
2.3 Automated fitting techniques ................................................................ 191
2.4 Coaxial resonator method ..................................................................... 193
2.5 Transmission line method ..................................................................... 194
3  Textile Antennas and Applications ...............................................................  194
3.1 Medical applications ............................................................................. 195
3.2  Safety and military applications ............................................................  197
3.3 WLAN applications .............................................................................. 198
3.4 Millimetre wave communications .........................................................  198
3.5  Textile antenna design improvements ...................................................  199
4 Rectifying Circuits ........................................................................................  201
5  Review of Recent Rectenna Designs ............................................................ 208
6 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 210
References ........................................................................................................ 210

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